Philosophy of natural sciences

The philosophy of natural sciences is the philosophical study of nature and the physical world, which was an all-encompassing knowledge before the development of modern science. This knowledge is considered as the mother of natural sciences because natural sciences historically originated from philosophy and specifically from natural philosophy. The term natural sciences, which has been used since the 14th century, in Western culture, means any branch of science (such as physics, chemistry, or biology) that deals with matter, energy, and their interrelationships and transformations. Or it is related to measurable phenomena. In other words, natural science studies the physical and natural world or its events. Of course, although natural sciences are divided into two main branches, physical and biological, cognitive sciences can be considered as a new branch separated from biological natural sciences. The research topics of this group are: philosophy of natural sciences, philosophy of nature, philosophy of physics, philosophy of environment, philosophy of genetics, philosophy of biology, cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of biotechnology, philosophy of medicine.